image In the real world of 2009, some pension fund executives are wondering whether they placed too much faith in their systems — specifically their risk management systems — and not enough in humans. More and more, the answer appears to be yes. And so, as a result of the credit crisis, some pension funds are adding more of a subjective element to their investment decision-making. Experts say that existing risk models are ill-equipped to take into account extreme events — the so-called black swan events written about by former options trader and author Nassim Nicholas Taleb.

P&I